Religious Tolerance Narratives on Social Media: Network Analysis of Indonesian Civil Society Organizations on Instagram (2019–2023)

  • Wiwin Siti Aminah Rohmawati Universitas Islam Darussalam (UID)
  • Kamilia Hamidah IPMAFA
Keywords: Religious Tolerance, Civil Society Organizations, Social Media Networks, Digital Narratives, Network Analysis

Abstract

This study examines the role of Indonesian Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in promoting religious tolerance narratives through social media, particularly Instagram, from 2019 to 2023. The research addresses the challenges CSOs face in countering intolerance and polarization online, emphasizing the digital strategies they employ. Utilizing a Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) method, the study integrates quantitative network mapping and qualitative text analysis to explore content patterns, collaborations, and audience engagement. Primary data was collected from 25 CSO Instagram accounts, supported by textual analysis, observations, interviews, and documentation. The research focuses on two key questions: (1) What do CSO networks promoting interfaith tolerance look like? and (2) How are narratives of tolerance structured and disseminated within these networks? Findings highlight variations in CSO strategies, showing that highly active organizations achieve broader reach through consistent posting, while smaller CSOs rely on quality content and partnerships to remain impactful. Despite algorithmic challenges and echo chambers, CSOs effectively leverage social media to advance tolerance narratives, integrating cultural and religious contexts. The study underscores the need for collaborative networks and adaptive digital strategies to amplify inclusive messages and mitigate intolerance, offering insights into strengthening CSO efforts in the digital era.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Annur, Cindy Mutia. “Ada 204,7 Juta Pengguna Internet Di Indonesia Awal 2022.” Databoks.
Azhari, Subhi, and Gamal Ferdhi. Laporan Tahunan Kemerdekaan Beragama/Berkeyakinan (KBB) Di Indonesia. Jakarta, August 2019.
Burhanuddin, Agussalaim, Andi Ahmad Yani, Amril Hans, Andi Rahmat Hidayat, and Muhammad Pudai. “Socio-Religious Preferences of the Indonesian Youths in Digital and Everyday Life.” Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 18–31.
Center, Pew Research. “Key Findings From the Global Religious Futures Project,” 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/12/21/key-findings-from-the-global-religious-futures-project/.
Gräve, Jan-Frederik. “Exploring the Perception of Influencers Vs. Traditional Celebrities.” In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society - #SMSociety17, 1–5. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017.
Halimatusa’diyah, Iim. Beragama Di Dunia Maya: Media Sosial Dan Pandangan Keagamaan Di Indonesia, 2020.
Hamidah, Kamilia. “Seizing Public Digital Dominance; The Phenomenon Of Mainstream Islamic Media Digital Battle.” Mu’ashir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi Islam 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12.
Haq, Zihni Ainul. “Narasi Toleransi Beragama Pada Akun Youtube ‘Jeda Nulis.’” PUSAKA 10, no. 1 (July 5, 2022).
Indonesian Conference on Religion and Peace (ICRP). “@sahabat_icrp4peace.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Sahabat_icrp4peace/.
Institut DIAN/Interfidei. “@dianinterfidei.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Dianinterfidei/.
Institut Mosintuwu. “@mosintuwu.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Mosintuwu/.
Institute, SETARA. Pandemi Lahan Subur Diskriminasi Dan Intoleransi, 2021. https://setara-institute.org/pandemi-lahan-subur-diskriminasi-dan-intoleransi/.
Institute, Wahid. Meredam Kebencian Satu Dekade Pemantauan Siar Kebencian Keagamaan Di Indonesia. Edited by Junaidi Simun. 1st ed. Jakarta, 2020.
Jaringan Gusdurian Indonesia. “@jaringangusdurian.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Jaringangusdurian/.
Kabar Sejuk. “@kabarsejuk.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Kabarsejuk/. Accessed December 28, 2024. https://www.instagram.com/kabarsejuk/.
Khaerun Rijaal, M. Ardini. “Fenomena Intoleransi Antar Umat Beragama Serta Peran Sosial Media Akun Instagram Jaringan Gusdurian Indonesia Dalam Menyampaikan Pesan Toleransi.” Syiar | Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam 1, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 103–132.
Komunitas Peace Maker Kupang (KOMPAK). “@komunitas_peace_maker_kupang.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Komunitas_peace_maker_kupang/.
Lay, Cornelis. “The Emerging of New Democratic Space: CSOs and Parliament in Post-Soeharto Indonesia.” PCD Journal 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 1.
Lembaga Kajian Keislaman & Kemasyarakatan. “@lk3banjarmasin.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Lk3banjarmasin/.
Miles, Matthew B., and Michael A. Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications, 1994.
PeaceGeneration Indonesia. “@peacegenid.” https://www.instagram.com/peacegenid/ (n.d.).
Perkumpulan Flower Aceh. “@floweraceh.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Floweraceh/.
Rahmawati, Devie. “Risiko Polarisasi Algoritma Media Sosial : Kajian Terhadap Kerentanan Sosial Dan Ketahanan Bangsa.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 6, no. 1 (August 15, 2020). https://jurnal.lemhannas.go.id/index.php/jkl/article/view/114.
Rofieq, Ainur. “Civil Society Pasca Negara Birokratik Otoritarian Orde Baru.” Jurnal Kybernan 3 (March 1, 2012).
Rogers, Everett M, and D Lawrence Kincaid. Communication Networks Toward a New Paradigm for Research. New York: The Free Press A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1981.
Sabang Merauke. “@sabangmerauke.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Sabangmerauke/.
Scott, John. Social Network Analysis; A Handbook. Second Edition. London: SAGE Publication, 1991.
Setara Institute. SIARAN PERS KONDISI KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA/BERKEYAKINAN (KBB) 2022. Jakarta, January 31, 2023.
Sulastiana, Sulastiana. “Peran Media Dalam Penyebaran Intoleransi Agama.” Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian 11, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 8.
Susanto, Tri. “Kampanye, Media Sosial Dan Toleransi (Studi Kasus Kampanye Gerakan Sabang Merauke Dalam Membangun Sikap Toleransi Beragama Melalui Media Sosial).” Mediamorfosa : Transformasi Media Komunikasi di Indonesia (2017): 365–386.
Tamir, Christine, Aidan Connaughton, and Ariana Monique Salazar. The Global God Divide, July 20, 2020.
USAID. Assessment Report Civil Society Organizations In Indonesia, July 2018.
Wahid Foundation. “@wahidfoundation.” Https://Www.Instagram.Com/Wahidfoundation/.
Wuysang, Julia Magdalena, Siti Rohani, Ira Patriani, and Azlyn Ahmad Zawawi. “Viral Justice: Law Enforcement in the Social Media Era.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah dan Masyarakat 24, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 1–16
Interviews
ALA. “Interview with Lembaga Kajian Islam Sosial (LKiS).” 5 November 2024.
AR. “Interview with Srikandi Lintas Iman (SRILI).” 5 November 2024.
I. “Interview with Kabar Sejuk.” 5 November 2024.
MIT. “Interview with Lembaga Advokasi & Pendidikan Anak Rakyat (LAPAR) Sulawesi Selatan.” 30 Oktober 2024.
S. “Interview with Gusdurian Network.” 5 November 2024.
SK. “Interview with Wahid Foundation.” 15 November 2024.
AZ, Interview with YIPC,” 1 November 2024.
ZA, Interview with Fahmina Institute,” 28 October 2024.
Published
2025-04-12
How to Cite
Rohmawati, W., & Hamidah, K. (2025). Religious Tolerance Narratives on Social Media: Network Analysis of Indonesian Civil Society Organizations on Instagram (2019–2023). Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 14(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v14i1.1517
Section
Articles