The Manifestation of Wahdatul Adyan in Ibn Arabi's Perspective as a Basis of Religious Moderation in Indonesia
English
Keywords:
Wahdatul Adyan, Ibn Arabi's Sufism, Religious Moderation, Indonesian Moslem
Abstract
Indonesia's profound religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity necessitates a robust framework for religious moderation to maintain national unity. However, public misunderstanding persists, particularly the erroneous equation of moderation with the claim that "all religions are the same." This study reinterprets the Sufi concept of Wahdatul Adyan (unity of religions) as developed in Ibn Arabi's thought (Futuhat al-Makkiyyah and Tarjuman al-Asywaq) to provide a more precise foundation for religious moderation. Using a qualitative document study approach and systematic literature review, this research analyzes Ibn Arabi's original texts and contemporary Indonesian discourse on religious moderation. The findings reveal that the popular understanding of Wahdatul Adyan as "religious unification" is a misinterpretation. Instead, the concept signifies the "unification of shared values across religions"—emphasizing common ethical principles such as compassion, justice, and respect for human dignity, without erasing theological differences. Consequently, religious moderation is reframed not as syncretism but as a collaborative effort to identify convergent moral values that foster interfaith harmony. This study contributes to the global discourse on religious moderation by offering a conceptually grounded, value-based alternative to both exclusivist and relativist approaches, with practical implications for multicultural societies, particularly in Southeast Asia.
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References
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Derung, Teresia Noiman, Maria Mandonza, Gathan Aryasena Suyatno, and Alexius Mete. “Fungsi Agama terhadap Perilaku Sosial Masyarakat.” In Theos : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Theologi 2, no. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.56393/intheos.v2i11.1279.
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Fahrudin, Khusna. “Kritik Terhadap Positivisme Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Kritik Az-Zahabi Atas Tafsir Ibnu Arabi.” Jurnal El-Thawalib 6, no. 1 (2025): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.24952/el-thawalib.v6i1.14467.
Farhan, Baiq Dhiya’ul Husna. “Metafisika Filsafat dan Metafisika Menurut Ibn Arabi.” Al-Qalam: Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Pendidikan 17, no. 1 (2025): 104–12. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-qalam.v17i1.3507.
Fatmawati, Komang. “Menyama Braya Dalam Pandangan Upanisad.” Japam: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama 1, no. 1 (2021): 62–67.
Faturohman, Faturohman, Afi Nurul Febriyanti, and Jihan Hidayah. “Kebebasan Beragama Sebagai Bagian Dari Hak Asasi Manusia.” Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora 1, no. 3 (2024): 312–23. https://doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v1i3.229.
Fauzi, Rizal. “Analogi Dalam Interpretasi Wahdatul Wujud Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kehidupan.” Hikamia:Jurnal Pemikiran Tasawuf Dan Peradaban Islam 1, no. 2 (2021): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.58572/hkm.v1i2.6.
Hasibuan, Alwi Murad Sofi, Febriani Br Ginting, Alya Qais Tsaabitah, and Mora Nanda Tambak. “Ayat-Ayat Tentang Persamaaan.” Edu Society: Jurnal Pendidikan, Ilmu Sosial, dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (2025): 354–63. https://share.google/GeTzhFcZglEk64iuE.
Indriani, Indriani, Liliana Maqna Hilira, and Yuni Khairani. “Makna ‘Lakum Dinukum Waliyadin’ Dalam Qs. Al-Kafirun Ayat 6: Studi Komparatif Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Dan Tafsir Al-Misbah.” Ibn Abbas: Jurnal Ilmu Al Qur’an & Tafsir 7, no. 1 (2024): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51900/ias.v7i1.22697.
Isfahani, Yulia, Amanda Dwi Pebriliani, and Ratu Shaly Maritza. “Analisis Konflik Sosial dan Agama di Tolikara: Pendekatan Multidimensional dalam Implementasi Pancasila dan Penyelesaian Konflik.” Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains Dan Sosial Humaniora 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–13.
Ismail, Lukman, Yulfa Lumba, Novia Damayanti, Fauziah Ainun Jariyah, Dahniar Nur, and Fahiratun Afiat Muizunzilah. “Meretas Jalan Damai; Pandangan Terhadap Penyelesaian Konflik Antar Agama.” AKSIOLOGI: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial 4, no. 2 (n.d.): 83–90.
Karlina, Intan, and Gazali Gazali. “Transformasi Konsep Wahdat Al-Wujud Ibn Arabi Dalam Tasawuf Kontemporer Indonesia.” Studia Sosia Religia 8, no. 2 (2025): 110–17. https://share.google/5XsarUkjP1eAm8UdG.
Karomi, Kholid. “Penolakan Ibnu Arabi Terhadap Pluralisme Agama.” Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 12, no. 1 (2014): 49–65. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v12i1.218.
Khoir, Mulyanto Abdullah, and Muhammad Isa Anshory. “Toleransi dan Prinsip-prinsip Hubungan Antarumat Beragama dalam Perspektif Dakwah Islam.” Pawarta: Journal of Communication and Da’wah 1, no. 2 (2023): 55–81. https://doi.org/10.54090/pawarta.302.
Knysh, Alexander D. Ibn ‘Arabī in The Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image In Medieval Islam. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Kolis, Nur. “Meretas Perbedaan Teologis dengan Ajaran Tasawuf Wahdatul Adyan.” Proceeding: International Conference on Islamic Studies (ICIS) IAIN Ponorogo, 2019, 301–22. https://doi.org/10.21154/.v1i0.21.
Mahâthera, Dhammadhîro. Dhammapada Pali – Indonesia. Tangerang: Saoga Theravada Indonesia, 2018. https://www.sammasayambhu.org/ebook/dhammapada/ebookdhammapada.pdf.
Matroni, Matroni, Masykur Arif, and Aminudin. “Pemikiran Kosmologi Ibnu Arabi.” Philosophy and Local Wisdom Journal (PHILLOW) 2, no. 2 (2024) https://ejournal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/philosophy/article/view/1803/1168.
Miftah, Abdul Baqi’. بحوث حول كتب ومفاهيم الشيخ الأكبر ابن عربي- Researches on Ibn ’Arabi’s works and concepts. 1st ed. Lebanon: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 2011. https://ia800608.us.archive.org/29/items/Bouhuth/kitab.pdf.
Mufid, Fathul. “Kritik Epistemologis Tafsir Ishari Ibn ‘Arabi.” Hermeneutik 14, no. 1 (2020): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1234/hermeneutik.v14i1.6837.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, and William C. Chittick. Islam Intelektual: Teologi, Filsafat Dan Ma’rifat. Translated by Tim Perenial. Depok: Perenial Press, 2001.
Nurdianzah, Erry, Nurul Azizah, Riza Rahmawati, and Achmad Munib. “Pancasila as State Ideology and Pillar of Religious Harmony in Indonesian Society.” Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman 13, no. 2 (2024): 129–42. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v13.i2.1201.
Rahman, Fajrur, and Wasil Wasil. “Jalan keluar Konflik Antar Agama: Studi Pemikiran Ibn ’Arabi.” Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran 8, no. 1 (2025): 1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v8i1.40720.
Rohman, Miftakhur. “Reconstruction Of Global Moral Values Through Anthony Giddens’Structuration Theory in Responding to Ethical Diversity in the Modern Era.” Aqlania: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi Islam 16, no. 2 (2025): 315–31. https://doi.org/10.32678/aqlania.v16i2.87.
Rohman, Miftakhur, and Muhammad Hafidz Mahardika Arjuna. “Memaknai Tasawuf Sebagai Paradigma Pemikiran Islam Klasik dan Modern.” Zawiyah :Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 10, no. 2 (2024): 174–90. https://doi.org/10.31332/zjpi.v10i2.9517.
Royana, Agam, and Muhammad Labibuddin. “Konsep Cinta Kepada Sesama Manusia Dalam Tafsir Khawathiri Hawl Alqur’an Al-Karim Karya Syaikh Mutawalli Asy-Sya‘Rawi.” Sophist: Jurnal Sosial Politik Kajian Islam Dan Tafsir 4, no. 2 (2022): 197–224. https://doi.org/DOI:%252010.20414/sophist.v4i2.67.
Saepudin, Ahmad, and Deni Miharja. “Resolusi Konflik Antar Umat Beragama.” Jurnal Perspektif 6, no. 2 (2022): 182–200. https://doi.org/10.15575/jp.v6i2.181.
Santalia, Indo. Wihdatul Adyan: Membedah Konsep Kesatuan Agama Ibnu ‘Arabi. Makassar: Gerakan Seribu Buku uin alauddin makassar, 2014.
Telaumbanua, Andrika, Naomi Wahyuni Samangilailai, and Windya Permai Br Sirai. “Kajian Teologis: Tentang Konsep Kasih terhadap Sesama dalam Injil 1 Yohanes 4:7-8 dan Relevansinya bagi Umat Kristiani.” Jurnal Magistra 2, no. 4 (2024): 84–91. https://doi.org/10.62200/magistra.v2i4.173.
The Buddhist Promoting Foundation and (Yayasan Pengembangan Agama Buddha). The Teaching Of Buddha (Ajaran Sang Buddha). Tokyo: Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai (Society for the Promotion of Buddhism), 2020. https://share.google/GUYnYP2nLl9n3Q1kZ.
Umam, Nur Muhammad Khoirul. “Konsep Memayu Hayuning Bawana Perspektif Marcus Aurelius: Studi Analisis Deskriptif.” AL-AFKAR: Journal for Islamic Studies 6, no. 2 (2023): 653–64. https://doi.org/doi:%252010.31943/afkarjournal.v6i3.591.
Wardana, Khansadhia Afifah. “Kebebasan Beragama Sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia: Pertentangan Universalisme dan Relativisme Budaya.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 10, no. 1 (2022): 63–75. https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.10.1.63-75.
Willyam, Verry, and Priyantoro Widodo. “Memaknai Prinsip Hidup Rukun dalam Persaudaraan sebagai Anugerah dari Allah Prespektif Kitab Mazmur 133.” Sabda: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 4, no. 1 (2023): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.55097/sabda.v4i1.74.g69.
Zega, Yunardi Kristian. “Perspektif Alkitab Tentang Kesetaraan Gender dan Implikasinya Bagi Pendidikan Agama Kristen.” Didaché: Journal of Christian Education 2, no. 2 (2021): 160–74. https://doi.org/DOI:%252010.46445/djce.v2i2.431.
Published
2026-04-27
How to Cite
Rohman, M., & Hanif, A. (2026). The Manifestation of Wahdatul Adyan in Ibn Arabi’s Perspective as a Basis of Religious Moderation in Indonesia. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 15(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v15i1.1973
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Articles
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