Analisis Konvergensi Fikih-Medis pada Khitan Laki-Laki dan Divergensi pada Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)
Keywords:
Male Circumcision, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Medicine
Abstract
The conflation of male circumcision and female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in public discourse has created a complex nexus of overlapping cultural, religious, and health norms. This research aims to critically and comparatively analyze both practices to delineate their fundamental distinctions. Employing a qualitative literature review of primary (jurisprudence, fatwas, law) and secondary sources (scholarly journals, reports), the findings reveal a sharp divergence. Male circumcision demonstrates a positive convergence between Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and medical evidence. Conversely, FGM/C reveals a dual contestation: an internal jurisprudential debate between classical and contemporary scholars over the interpretation of religious texts, and a policy-level conflict where a permissive MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) fatwa clashes with the global medical consensus and prohibitive national law. In conclusion, the two practices are fundamentally different. Therefore, this study recommends that the government adopts the WHO’s definition of FGM/C into a binding national regulatory framework, thereby creating a single, authoritative standard across all policy sectors to protect the health rights and bodily integrity of women and children.
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References
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Akpak, Y. K., Aktürk, E., Oral, S., Kıncı, M. F., Kanmaz, A. G., Bozgeyik, M. B., & Töz, E. (2025). The effect of intrapartum deinfibulation on obstetric outcomes and postpartum sexual function in pregnant women with Type 3 Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 311(4), 933–940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07923-2
al-Misriyyah, E. D. A. I. | D. al-I. | D. al-Iftaa. (t.t). Female Genital Mutilation. Egypt’s Dar Al-Ifta. https://www.dar-alifta.org/en/article/details/40/female-genital-mutilation
Al-Baghawi, A.-H. bin M. (1983). Syarh Al-Sunnah. Al-Maktab Al-Islami.
Al-Bukhari, M. bin I. (2002). Shahih Al-Bukhari. Daar Ibn Katsir.
Alifah, R. N., Nisa, A. A., Nugroho, E., & Hermawan, D. Y. (2024). Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Indonesia: Systematic Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 7(11), 2631–2637. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i11.6165
Al-Mushili, A. bin M. (1938). Al-Ikhtiyar li Ta’lil Al-Mukhtar. Mathba’ah Al-Halabi.
Al-Nawawi, Y. bin S. (t.t). Al-Majmu’ Syarh Al-Muhadzab. Maktabah Al-Irsyad.
Amin, I. & Lendrawati. (2022). Female Circumcision on a Medical Perspective and Islamic Law. 22(2). https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v22i2.13643
Anshor, M. U., Komnas Perempuan, Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Hewatt, S., Kori, R. A., & Waskito, N. B. (2017). Pemotongan dan Perlukaan Genitalia Perempuan (P2GP): Dalam Persimpangan Antara Tradisi dan Modernitas Penelitian Metode Gabungan Mengenai Medikalisasi P2GP di 17 Kabupaten di 10 Provinsi di Indonesia | Perpustakaan Komnas Perempuan. Komnas Perempuan. //perpustakaan.komnasperempuan.go.id
Azizah, A. (2020). Status Hukum Khitan Perempuan (Perdebatan Pandangan Ulama dan Permenkes RI No.1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010). Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 19(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2020.192.173-186
Dar Al-Ifta’. (2021). حكم ختان الإناث في الشريعة الإسلامية. موقع دار الإفتاء المصرية. https://www.dar-alifta.org/ar/fatwa/details/16487/حكم-ختان-الإناث-في-الشريعة-الإسلامية
Denzin, N. K. (2015). Triangulation. Dalam The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeost050.pub2
Elan, S. (2022). Pengaruh Metode Sunatlem N- Butyl Cyanoacrylate dan Klamp Terhadap Bleeding Dan Proses Penyembuhan Luka. Jurnal Keperawatan ’Aisyiyah, 9(1),. https://doi.org/10.33867/jka.v9i1.326
FGM/C Research Initiative. (2024). Indonesia National prevalence: 50.5%. https://www.fgmcri.org/country/indonesia/
Gunara, Y., Irsyad, N., & Zulaiha, E. (2024). Khitan Perempuan dalam Isyarat Ayat Ayat Al Qur’an. SPECTRUM: Journal of Gender and Children Studies, 4(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.30984/spectrum.v4i2.1191
Hassannezhad, K., Asadzadeh, F., Iranpour, S., Rabiepoor, S., & Akhavan Akbari, P. (2024). The comparison of sexual function in types I and II of female genital mutilation. BMC Women’s Health, 24(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02860-9
Ibn Mandzur, M. bin M. bin A. J. A.-D. A.-A. (1414). Lisan Al-’Arab. Dar Shadir.
Ibnu Qudamah, A. bin A. (1969). Al-Mughni. Maktabah Al-Qahirah.
Indana, D. O. (2024). Hukum Khitan Bagi Perempuan Menurut Fatwa Dar Al-Ifta Al-Misriyyah dan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Al-Madzhab, 1(2), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.15575/madzhab.v1i2.1038
Indri. (2025, Juni 14). Sembuhkan Luka Ini: Mengapa Sunat Perempuan Harus Dihentikan. KAPAL Perempuan. https://kapalperempuan.org/sembuhkan-luka-ini-mengapa-sunat-perempuan-harus-dihentikan/
Karaman, M. I. (2021). Female circumcision debate: A muslim surgeon’s perspective. Turkish Journal of Urology, 47(3), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2021.20546
Kaur Virk, S., Milewski, A. R., Bull, L., & Kaur, G. (2025). The psychological impact of displacement and female genital mutilation/cutting. Journal of Global Health, 15, 1–4. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.03011
Keputusan Fatwa MUI Nomor 9A Tahun 2008. (2008). Hukum Pelarangan Khitan Terhadap Perempuan. https://fatwamui.com/storage/400/Hukum-Pelarangan-Khitan-Terhadap-Perempuan.pdf
Knipscheer, J., Vloeberghs, E., Van Der Kwaak, A., & Van Den Muijsenbergh, M. (2015). Mental health problems associated with female genital mutilation. BJPsych Bulletin, 39(6), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.047944
Komnas Perempuan. (2024). Pernyataan Sikap Komnas Perempuan tentang Penghapusan Praktik Sunat Perempuan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 Tentang Kesehatan. Komnas Perempuan | Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/
Larke, N. L., Thomas, S. L., dos Santos Silva, I., & Weiss, H. A. (2011). Male circumcision and penile cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes & Control, 22(8), 1097–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9785-9
Le Coeur, C., Ondet, M., Vigoureux, S., Charlier, C., Lemaignen, A., & Tantet, C. (2025). Female genital mutilation/cutting: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among key caregivers: a French national survey. BMC Medical Education, 25(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-06715-9
Masykur, F. I., & Mubakkirah, F. (2022). Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Khitan Bagi Perempuan (Studi Komparasi Antara Ulama Klasik dan Ulama Kontemporer). Comparativa: Jurnal Ilmiah Perbandingan Mazhab Dan Hukum, 3(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.24239/comparativa.v3i2.41
McGregor, T. B., Pike, J. G., & Leonard, M. P. (2007). Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: Approach to the phimotic foreskin. Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien, 53(3), 445–448.
METRO TV (Direktur). (2024, Agustus 7). Larangan Khitan Pada Perempuan Sudah “Melukai” Norma Agama? #hotroom [Video recording]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f07wAn9K-5w
Meyer, M., Sartorius, G., & Abdulcadir, J. (2025). Clitoral reconstruction and psychosexual care after female genital mutilation/cutting: Assessment of multidisciplinary care. Women’s Health, 21. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251315814
Muhammad Hilal Mubarak, S. S. (2024). Kedudukan Khitan Perempuan Perspektif Hukum Islam. Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12579487
Mulia, M. (2014). Sunat Perempuan dalam Perspektif Islam. Jurnal Perempuan. http://www.jurnalperempuan.org/2/post/2014/04/sunat-perempuan-dalam-perspektif-islam.html
Muslim bin Al Hajjaj. (2006). Shahih Muslim. Daar Thaibah.
Nugroho, A., Hamim, N., & Kusyairi, A. (2023). Perbedaan Khitan Metode Laser Electrocautery dan Khitan Metode Standar Konvensional Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Khitan di Lembaga Kesehatan Nahdlatul Ulama Kraksaan Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia, 2(9). https://journal-mandiracendikia.com/jikmc
O’Neill, S., & Pallitto, C. (2021). The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research. Qualitative Health Research, 31(9), 1738–1750. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211001862
Permenkes. (2025). Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2025.. http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/314518/permenkes-no-2-tahun-2025
PP No. 28 Tahun 2024. (t.t.). Database Peraturan | JDIH BPK. Diambil 16 Juni 2025, dari http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/294077/pp-no-28-tahun-2024
Putri, R. A., & Bilommi, R. (2022). Perbandingan Sirkumsisi dengan Metode Dorsal Slit dan Guillotine di Klinik Dokter Khitan Pekanbaru. Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI, 30(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.33476/jky.v30i3.1141
Redaksi. (2024, Agustus 5). PP 28/2024 Menghapus Praktik Sunat Perempuan, MUI: Bertentangan dengan Syariat. Parade.id. https://parade.id/pp-28-2024-menghapus-praktik-sunat-perempuan-mui-bertentangan-dengan-syariat/
Roy, M., & Roy, D. K. S. (2022). An Overview of Fgm/ C and An Analysis of Different Intervention & Feasibility to Eradicate The Same in India. International Journal of Current Science, 12(1), 738–751.
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Singh-Grewal, D., Macdessi, J., & Craig, J. (2005). Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: A systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(8), 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.049353
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Published
2025-10-23
How to Cite
Fauzi, I., Lubis, Y., Mariadi, A., & Rahman, R. (2025). Analisis Konvergensi Fikih-Medis pada Khitan Laki-Laki dan Divergensi pada Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 14(2), 315-336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v14i2.1738
Section
Articles
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