Classifying Islamic Exegesis: How Muslim and Western Scholars Categorize Tafsir Traditions
Keywords:
Genealogy of tafsi>r, madha>hib al-tafsi>r, mapping of tafsi>r, orientalist studies
Abstract
The study of madha>hib al-tafsi>r is essential for understanding the historical development of Qur’anic exegesis as a scholarly discipline. The evolution of exegetical methodologies has been shaped by various historical, social, political, and epistemological factors, leading to the emergence of diverse interpretive approaches. This study examines the evolution and intellectual classification of madha>hib al-tafsi>r, focusing on the internal and external determinants that have influenced the methodological and thematic diversity of Qur’anic interpretation among Muslim and Western scholars. Employing a historical-critical approach combined with content analysis, this research investigates primary and secondary exegetical sources from both classical and contemporary Muslim and Orientalist scholars. The findings reveal that the evolution of madha>hib al-tafsi>r has been shaped by socio-political dynamics, theological discourse, evolving exegetical methodologies, and Islam’s intellectual engagement with other civilizations. The classification frameworks proposed by Muslim and Orientalist scholars reflect distinct epistemological paradigms in approaching the Qur’anic text, particularly concerning methodological principles, hermeneutical strategies, and ideological orientations. This study provides a more nuanced understanding of the historical trajectory of Qur’anic exegesis and its significance within contemporary Islamic scholarship. The findings underscore the importance of adopting a critical approach in assessing the development of tafsi>r and distinguishing the epistemological foundations of Muslim and Orientalist exegetical traditions.
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References
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D{ah}abi> (al), Muh}ammad H{usayn. Al-Tafsi>r wa al-Mufassiru>n. Vol. 1. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, n.d.
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Ghofur, Abdul and Ahmad Musonnif Alfi. “Tayammum in QS. Al-Nisa’: 43: The Muqa>ran Tafsir Approach.” Al-Itqan: Jurnal Studi al-Qur’an 7, No. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.47454/itqan.v7i1.765
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Khallaf, Abdul Wahab. Ilmu Ushul Fiqih. Trans. Moh. Zuhri and Ahmad Qarib. Semarang: Toha Putra Group, 1994.
Khodijah, Siti and Iffah. “Pig Xenotransplantation in the Qur’an: Application of Jasser Auda’s Theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah.” Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat 22, No. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v22i2.37398
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Majlisi> (al), Muh}ammad Ba>qir. Bih}a>r al-Anwa>r. Vol. 37. Beirut: Da>r Ih}ya>‘ al-Tura>th al-Isla>mi>, n.d.
Malik, Muhammad Abdul. “History of the Qira’at Asim School History of Hafs in the Archipelago: Critical Historical Review.” Alif Lam: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 3, No. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.51700/aliflam.v3i1.431
Manz}u>r, Ibnu. Lisa>n al-’Arab. Vol. 3. Beirut: Da>r Ih}ya>‘ al-Turath, 1999.
McNeely, Jeffrey A. and Unai Pascual. “Social and Cultural Factors.” in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Third Edition). ed. Samuel M. Scheiner. Oxford: Academic Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822562-2.00252-8;
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Mustaqim, Abdul. Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2010.
Mustopa. “Qira’at Diversity in Islamic Family Law Verses: Implications for Indonesian Marriage Law.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8. No. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.23513.
Musyarrofah, Eva. Al-Dakhi>l fi> al-Tafsi>r: Refleksi Analitik terhadap Infiltrasi dalam Penafsiran Alquran. Jakarta: Kencana, 2023.
Namr (al), ‘Abd al-Mun’im.’Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n al-Kari>m. Kairo: Da>r al-Kita>b al-Mis}ri>, 1983.
Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal. Us}ool at-Tafseer: The Methodology of Qur’anic Interpretation. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2005.
Putra, Khairunnas Jamal and Afriadi. Pengantar Ilmu Qira’at. Yogyakarta: Kalimedia, 2020.
Qat}t}a>n (al), Manna>‘. Maba>h}ith fi> ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2004.
Qummi> (al), Abu> al-H}asan ‘Ali> bin Ibra>hi>m. Tafsi>r al-Qummi>. Qom: Mu’assasah Da>r al-Kita>b, 1303 H.
Qurt}ubi> (al), Abi> ‘Abdilla>h Muh}ammad ibn Ah}mad ibn Abi> Bakr. Al-Jami>‘ li Ah}ka>m al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 4. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risa>lah, 2006.
-------. Al-Jami>‘ li Ah}ka>m al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 6. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risa>lah, 2006.
Rahman, Asyraf Hj Ab, Firdaus Khairi Abdul Kadir, and Fadzli Adam. “The Development of Tafsir from the Time of the Prophet Muahmmad (PBUH) Down to Ibn Kathir.” Medwell Journals 12 No. 7 (2017).
Rauch, Christoph. “A Complicated Relationship: Carlo Landberg’s Friendship with Ignaz Goldziher-Between Ambition and Anti-Semitism.” in Building Bridges: Ignaz Goldziher and His Correspondents: Islamic and Jewish Studies around the Turn of the Twentieth Century. eds. Hans-Jürgen Becker, et al. Leiden: Brill, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004690592_008
Ru>mi> (al), Fahd bin ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n bin Sulayma>n. Buhu>th fi> Us}u>l al-Tafsi>r wa Mana>hijihi. n.p.: Maktabah al-Tawbah, n.d.
Rushd, Ibn. Bida>yat al-Mujtahid wa Niha>yat al-Muqtas}id. Vol. 1. Beirut: Da>r Al-Ji>l, 1989.
S}a>bu>ni> (al), Muh}ammad ‘Ali>. Rawa>i’u al-Baya>n: Tafsi>r A>ya>t al-Ah}ka>m min al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 1. Beirut: ‘A>lim al-Kutub, 1986.
Sa>lim, ‘Abd al-’A>li>. Ghari>b al-Qur’a>n fi> ‘As}r al-Rasu>l wa al-S}oh}a>bah wa al-Ta>bi’i>n. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risa>lah, 1417 H.
Saeed, Abdullah. Interpreting the Qur’a>n: Towards a Contemporary Approach. Abingdon: Routledge, 2006.
Saleh, Walid A. “Preliminary Remarks on the Historiography of Tafsīr in Arabic: A History of the Book.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 12, No. 1-2 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3366/E146535911000094X
Sha>fi’i> (al), Abu> ‘Abdilla>h Muh}ammad ibn Idri>s. Al-Umm. Vol. 1. Kairo: Dār Ih}ya>‘ al-Tura>th, n.d.
T}abari> (al), Abi> Ja’far Muh}ammad ibn Jari>r. Ja>mi’ al-Baya>n fi> Ta’wi>l al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 1. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1978.
-------. Ja>mi’ al-Baya>n fi> Ta’wi>l al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 5. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1978.
Ulinuha, Muhammad. Metode Kritik Ad-Dakhi>l fit-Tafsi>r: Cara Mendeteksi Adanya Infiltrasi dan Kontaminasi dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Qaf, 2019.
Ulya, Muhim Nailul, et al. “An Analysis of the Sanad Transmission by K.H. Muhammad Arwani (1905 – 1994) and His Role in the Dissemination of Qiraat Sab’ah Knowledge in Indonesia.” QOF: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 7, No. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v7i2.1400
Wasim, Arif Al.”Fanatisme Mazhab dan Implikasinya terhadap Penafsiran al-Qur’an.” Syariati: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hukum 4, No. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v4i01.1160
Yasid, Abu. Metodologi Penafsiran Teks: Memahami Ilmu Ushul Fiqh sebagai Epistemologi Hukum. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 2012.
Zarkashi> (al), Badr al-Din Muh}ammad ibn ‘Abd Alla>h. Al-Burha>n fi> ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Vol. 1. Beirut: Da>r al-Fikr, 1980.
Zayd, Nas}r H}a>mid Abu.> Mafhu>m al-Nas}s}: Dira>sah fi> ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Beirut: al-Markaz al-Thaqa>fi> al-’Arabi>, 1994.
Zurqa>ni> (al), Muh}ammad ‘Abd al-’Az}i>m. Mana>hil al-’Irfa>n fi ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n. Beirut: Da>r al-Kita>b al-’Arabi>, 1995.
Published
2025-04-23
How to Cite
Khodijah, S., & Kholid, A. (2025). Classifying Islamic Exegesis: How Muslim and Western Scholars Categorize Tafsir Traditions. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 14(1), 69-102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v14i1.1584
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Pemberitahuan Hak Cipta
Penulis yang menerbitkan bersama Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Keislaman menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Penulis mempertahankan hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak publikasi pertama dengan karya yang dilisensikan secara bersamaan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) yang memungkinkan orang lain untuk berbagi karya dengan pengakuan kepenulisan karya dan publikasi awal dalam jurnal ini.
- Penulis dapat membuat pengaturan kontrak tambahan yang terpisah untuk distribusi non-eksklusif dari versi jurnal yang diterbitkan dari karya tersebut (misalnya, mempostingnya ke repositori institusi atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan awal publikasi di jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk memposting karya mereka secara online (misalnya, di repositori institusional atau di situs web mereka) sebelum dan selama proses pengiriman, karena dapat menghasilkan pertukaran yang produktif, serta kutipan lebih awal dan lebih besar dari karya yang diterbitkan.
Karya ini dilisensikan di bawah Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
